Determine how each of the following events would affect the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for beer. Assume the beer is a normal good, each event is happening in isolation, and nothing else is influencing the market.
a. The price of wine, a substitute good for beer, decreases. This will ______ the equilibrium quantity of beer and the_______ equilibrium price of beer.
b. The price of pizza, a complement to beer, increases. This will ________ the equilibrium quantity of beer and ________ the equilibrium price of beer.
c. The price of barley, an ingredient used to make beer, increases. This will ____________ the equilibrium quantity of beer and________ the equilibrium price of beer.
d. Consumer incomes increase as the economy emerges from a recession. This will ____________ the equilibrium quantity of beer and _________ the equilibrium price of beer.